Years
from now, when historians ask who lost China, the answer might be ebay. After dominating the American online auction
market through scrappy tenacity, they approached the Chinese market like a
hidebound IBM. Jack Ma was the man who
laughed all the way to the bank. The unlikely
story of Ma’s dominance of Chinese e-commerce is told by westerner who
witnessed it from the inside. Ma’s
former PR honcho Porter Erisman documents the rise of the Chinese internet
powerhouse Alibaba in the metaphorically titled Crocodile in the Yangtze, which screens this Saturday as part of
the 2012 edition of Dances with Films.
In
1995 English teacher Jack Ma did not look like a prospective billionaire, but
he got the internet before just about anyone in China. In fact, his first venture, China Pages, was
too early. He was still far ahead of the
curve when he started his B2B site, Alibaba, with seventeen employees in his apartment. American expat Erisman signed on just as
China’s legion of small manufactures started embracing its potential. However, the internet bubble threatened to
engulf the momentum Ma had generated. Like
so many short-lived start-ups, Alibaba boasted more users and publicity than
revenue. Actually, it did not have any
revenue.
As
it happened, in contrast to its ill-fated contemporaries, Alibaba offered a service
that customers were willing to pay for. Much
to the surprise of many analysts, Ma’s company survived and ultimately
thrived. Yet, in proper visionary
fashion, Ma anticipated a coming war with ebay.
Strangely though, the American company ignored the lessons of its own
success, banking on the benefits of integration into its global platform, while
ignoring the specifics of the local market.
This would be a hundred million dollar mistake, several times over.
On
one hand, Crocodile is a quite
invigorating underdog business success story.
Despite facing several existential crises, Alibaba and its Taobao
person-to-person e-marketplace carried the day.
Yet, there is a darker side to the tale Erisman deals with rather perfunctorily. As part of its grand strategy, Alibaba
aligned itself with Yahoo China, just as the search engine was taking heat for
ratting out an independent journalist to the Communist regime. Erisman shows footage of Ma the good soldier
parroting the Yahoo company line to the effect that they might not like local
laws, but they must obey them nonetheless.
Yet, this begs the obvious but unasked question: does Ma really dislike
these laws and would he advocate liberalizing them? If so, what would an enormously wealthy
individual such as himself be willing to do within the system towards that end?
Here
and there, Erisman extols the internet as an instrument of openness and
information dissemination in the formerly closed China, which is true to an
extent, but ignores the great lengths the Chinese government has gone to
monitor, censor, and block the free flow of the internet. One also wonders about the privacy of the
Facebook-like innovations that helped put Taobao over the top.
Clearly,
Erisman is too close to Ma to push him on any political questions, but he is unusually
lucky to have such a wealth of video records of company events, including that
fateful day one in Ma’s apartment.
Frankly, the drive to document Alibaba, including even brainstorming
sessions between Erisman and his boss, might strike some viewers as a bit odd. Yet, they clearly provide a tenor of the
times, both good and bad, during each stage of the company’s development. As a result, the understandable reliance on
videotaped corporate history is not always particularly cinematic, but it
certainly gives the film a you-are-there vibe.
There
are a ton of objects lessons in Crocodile,
regardless whether you consider Ma a charismatic business genius or a sell
out to the oppressive power structure (hearing the local Communist Party boss
laud him as an exemplary “entrepreneur” possibly supports either conclusion). Frankly, every e-commerce enterprise should
study it frame by frame. After all,
Alibaba’s IPO lived up to expectations, unlike the fizzle of certain social
network. Highly topical and instructive,
if frustratingly cautious, Crocodile is
well worth seeing this Saturday morning (6/2) when it screens as a selection of
this year’s Dances with Films, in Hollywood, USA.